Negreta de reus
Fruto de calibre medio, de forma redonda un poco alargada. Carne blanca de buena calidad, también utilizada en la industria. Arbusto con poca altura y muy rústico, es una de las variedades más extendidas en España. Maduración en el mes de septiembre (Src:Arboreco)

Fruit trees in hot climate benefit from having a little bit of shade. [youtu.be]
Hazelnut propagation best layered (not grafted). This allows to cut old, unproductive stems and have new suckers with the same genetic stock. [youtu.be]
When pruning large branches, cut top half first to reduce weight. With less pressure cutting at the base, diagonally, becomes easier. [Can Neret]
Manure + crop harvest can result in E. coli. This applies especially if harvesting crop on the ground, but hand harvesting also requires hygiene.

Kasanlak
very big fruit, medium time of ripening, favourite for my wife! and some friends, pear shaped High-yielding Bulgarian Cornelian cherry with large pear-shaped fruits. Thrives on humus to clay soils and requires adequate water supply. The plant is fully frost-resistant and is also suitable for growing in the foothills up to an altitude of 1200 m. Vigour: upright, the plant has the character of a tree with a pyramidal crown. Older trees reach a height and width of approx. 4 m. With regular pruning, we keep the cornel cherry in a much smaller shape. Blossom: self-fertile Fruit: pear-shaped, bright red, average fruit weight 8 - 9 g, average fruit length 3.7 cm, rich in vitamin C Taste: sweet and sour, the fruits cannot be eaten immediately after picking , but it is necessary to wait a few days when they are fully ripe, softened and lose their sour taste Harvest season: second half of August Yield: high Usage: ripe fruits are ideal for making jams, compotes and for making homemade schnapps Disease resistance: generally good resistance to fungal diseases and pests

Matador
A large-fruited French variety. Tasty, juicy fruits weighing 6.2-7.4 g. Late ripening at the turn of September and October. Very good for fresh consumption.

Starokijewski
Ukrainian variety ripening at the beginning of September. Ripe dark red fruit with a bottle shape with a narrow neck. Flesh red to dark red, juicy. Ripe tasty fruit, suitable for direct consumption as well as for preserves. The average fruit weight is 5.6-6 g (max 7.8 g). Seed mass 9.8-10.8% of the weight of the fruit. Yield from 15-year-old tree 35-40 kg and from 30-year-old up to 80 kg. The fruit does not fall after ripening.

Swietłaczok
Ukrainian variety with large fruits (6.5-7.5 g), even up to 10 g in favorable conditions, in the shape of a bottle, red and black. Flesh dark red, thick, sweet and sour, very aromatic. Efficiency - up to 60 kg from a 15-year-old tree. The fruits ripen at the end of August, they do not spoil and are well suited for freezing and processing. The fruit contains 9.7% of sugars, organic acids - 1.6%. The dry matter content is about 22.7% of the weight of the fruit. The content of pectin 1%, vitamin C 150 mg%, anthocyanins in the parenchyma 102 mg% and in the skin 710 mg%. Seeds about 9% of the fruit weight. Fruits do not fall from the bushes, after storage you can store up to 4 weeks. Fully ripe fruits are very tasty. They are suitable for all kinds of preserves.

Wydubieckij
Ukrainian large-fruited variety with an average fruit weight of 6.5-7.6 g. One of the longest varieties - the average yield from a dozen-year-old bush is about 50kg. Date of ripening: beginning of September. The fruit does not fall after ripening, it can be harvested once. Oval-pear fruit, dark-red color, shiny, juicy with sweet and sour pulp. The content of dry matter about 20% of the weight of the fruit. Sugars represent about 7.5%, acids about 1.6%, and pectin 1% by weight of the fruit. The content of vitamin C 157 mg%, anthocyanins in the parenchyma 98 mg% and in the skin 850 mg%. The fruits are tasty raw and suitable for processing into any processed products.

Alders increase the availability of soil phosphorus [researchgate.net]
Alders are an important food plant for the caterpillars of many butterfly and moth species and also for small birds in winter.There are 90 insect species associated with this tree. [pfaf.org]
"Nitrogen fixation requires rare heavy-metal element molybdenum as a catalyst." ... "To fix 1 gram of nitrogen, an estimated 10-100 grams of glucose is required.' Most microorganisms rarely have energy resources to produce large amounts of fixed nitrogen. Higher plants can produce excess energy through photosynthesis, but they cannot produce the necessary enzyme." [oregonstate.edu]

Comparing Quercus Pubescens, Q. Robur, Q. Petraea: Semillas disponibles en Noviembre. Tema de marcescencia (=hojas secas en los brotes hasta la nueva brotación): en Quercus robur las hojas son caducas, aunque en algunas localidades más cálidas dejan caer las hojas más tardíamente, en Quercus petraea se considera que las hojas son caducas con tendencia a la marcescencia, sobre todo en pies jóvenes y de brotes bajos, en Quercus pubescens las hojas son caducas con tendencia a la marcescencia, más patente en determinadas poblaciones, de los tres, es el que más presenta marcescencia en las regiones de Cataluña. La caída/brotación de hoja: los ritmos vegetativos, (brotación floración, crecimiento y fructificación), aunque tienen una base genética, son también respuesta a los estímulos climáticos, y por lo tanto varían al igual que el ambiente a lo largo del territorio. Las tres especies son caducifolias, aunque la caída de hoja, un rasgo de adaptación a la parada invernal, es un carácter variable de acuerdo a la dureza del invierno en las distintas localidades. Así, La apertura de las yemas y crecimiento de los brotes nuevos se produce en abril-mayo, variando según la situación geográfica: para una misma estación climática, Quercus petraea es de 10 a 15 días más tardío que Quercus robur. Rapidez de crecimiento: si bien el crecimiento de una especie forestal depende de factores fisiológicos, genéticos, de la calidad de estación y de los tratamientos, se puede establecer unos grupos de velocidad de crecimiento de distintas especies. Para las que comentas, pubescens parece mostrar mayor velocidad de crecimiento que petraea y robur, dado que también es la menor exigente de las tres. Robur sería, de las tres, el árbol que podría alcanzar mayor altura pero es más exigente en cuánto a la fertilidad del suelo. Colonizador: pubescens es de los tres el de tendencia mayor a la colonización: es, de las tres, la más termófila, xerófila y heliófila de las tres. Poda: en vivero las tres especies funcionan bien. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Cornus Mas grafting: Svitlana Klymenko noted that the developed technology of vegetative reproduction allows to obtain high-quality planting material. Budding is the most efficient method for dogwood. Acceptance of meshes in nurseries is 90-95%, through lay-ups - 80-90%, and herbaceous cuttings - 75-78%. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Low nitrogen demand. [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
I keep all cornus up to maximum 2 meters high. So they have stronger roots and small crone and than they have bigger fruit. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Shrubs benefit from proximity for cross pollination. In shade: taller, thinner, leggier. In sun: denser, smaller [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
No grass near the roots. Shoots should not be older than 4 years for black currants, 5 years for other currants. Prune after harvesting. Need more than one variety for good pollination.
Estacas de Ribes: Normalmente se entierra la mitad de la vara como máximo, 15- 20 cm. es suficiente en todo caso. Los primeros 20 cm. del suelo son los más fértiles normalmente. Lo que enraíza primero es la punta. Si se entierra demasiado es más probable que se infecte por patógenos. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Ribes nigrum cuttings were collected November 9th. Planted on the 12th/nov. They had roots late December. [Can Neret]
Cuttings directly on the ground need a wide area clearing and weed suppression, use large leaves and heavy thick mulch. [Can Neret]

Possible succession to Alnus Cordata. 4-5 seeds each nest, already germinating

Grown from wild seeds. Options for new varieties. Wild currants may perform better in the shade than selected cultivars.

Andega
variedade francesa caracterizada pola súa resistencia a enfermidades, sobre todo a oidio. Froito negro en acios e moi productiva. (Src:Fragaira)

Ben more
floración tardía.Fructifica de mediados a final de temporada. Froito grande, de cor negro, planta de porte erguido. (Src:Fragaira)

Interplanting walnut plantations with a nitrogen fixing plant, such as Elaeagnus × ebbingei or Elaeagnus umbellata, and various Alnus species, results in a 30% increase in tree height and girth (Hemery 2001). [Hemery 2001]
Walnuts characteristics for Agroforestry: late leafing, early leaf fall, and 50% shade. Deep roots cycle nutrients. [utl.pt]
Any pruning should only be carried out in late summer to early autumn or when the plant is fully dormant otherwise wounds will bleed profusely and this will severely weaken the tree. [pfaf.org]
Trees grown from seed (pre-germination recommended) are more liikely to survive non-irrigated plantations, as they form a deeper root system and better ratio between aerial and root volumes. At large scale this reduces costs and risk. [youtu.be]
Manure + crop harvest can result in E. coli. This applies especially if harvesting crop on the ground, but hand harvesting also requires hygiene.

Propagates cultivars by cuttings. [Plant supplier / nursery]

Shrubs benefit from proximity for cross pollination. In shade: taller, thinner, leggier. In sun: denser, smaller [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
No grass near the roots. Shoots should not be older than 4 years for black currants, 5 years for other currants. Prune after harvesting. Need more than one variety for good pollination.
Estacas de Ribes: Normalmente se entierra la mitad de la vara como máximo, 15- 20 cm. es suficiente en todo caso. Los primeros 20 cm. del suelo son los más fértiles normalmente. Lo que enraíza primero es la punta. Si se entierra demasiado es más probable que se infecte por patógenos. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Ribes nigrum cuttings were collected November 9th. Planted on the 12th/nov. They had roots late December. [Can Neret]
Cuttings directly on the ground need a wide area clearing and weed suppression, use large leaves and heavy thick mulch. [Can Neret]

Shrubs benefit from proximity for cross pollination. In shade: taller, thinner, leggier. In sun: denser, smaller [Edible Forest Gardens Vol.2]
No grass near the roots. Shoots should not be older than 4 years for black currants, 5 years for other currants. Prune after harvesting. Need more than one variety for good pollination.
Estacas de Ribes: Normalmente se entierra la mitad de la vara como máximo, 15- 20 cm. es suficiente en todo caso. Los primeros 20 cm. del suelo son los más fértiles normalmente. Lo que enraíza primero es la punta. Si se entierra demasiado es más probable que se infecte por patógenos. [Plant supplier / nursery]
Ribes nigrum cuttings were collected November 9th. Planted on the 12th/nov. They had roots late December. [Can Neret]
Cuttings directly on the ground need a wide area clearing and weed suppression, use large leaves and heavy thick mulch. [Can Neret]

Elderberry cuttings take months to root. Had more success with propagation at end of summer, after the first rains wet the ground and the parent plant are hydrated. [Can Neret]

Recently germinated to keep taproot untouched. Germination of all 30 walnuts spanned a period of one month. Planting was done gradually.

Pioneering until shadded, will be replaced with cuttings of E. multiflora